Kako rešiti problem deformacije obdelave natančne okrogle jeklene palice

Before processing, the steel is isothermally annealed (such as 860℃austenitization + 650℃isothermal transformation) to refine the pearlite grains to less than 10μm, and the residual stress can be reduced to less than 80MPa, reducing the deformation caused by the initial stress. High carbon steel (such as T10a) sprejme žarjenje sferoidizacije, da bi karbidi sferični in zmanjša odpornost na plastično deformacijo med rezanjem . Po grobi obdelavi je žarjenje stresa (550 stopinj × 3H) razporejeno tako 0.3-0.5 mm, da se izognete enkratni koncentraciji napetosti rezanja .

When cutting, carbide tools (such as YW1 brand) with a rake angle of 10°-15° and a main deflection angle of 75° are used to reduce radial cutting force by more than 30%; BTA drill + 20MPa high-pressure cooling is used for deep hole processing to reduce drill bit deflection. The slender shaft (length-to-diameter ratio>15) Uporablja sredinski okvir + okvir za sledilce za skupno podporo, s podpornimi točkami, nastavitvijo vsakega 150-200 mm, in radialni iztestev je nadzorovan v 0 . 005mm; Tankosteni deli uporabljajo tekoče plastične napeljave, enakomerno pod tlakom (tlak manj kot ali enak 5MPA), deformacija vpenjanja pa je lahko manjša od 0,002 mm.

Tirnice za vodnike za strojne stroje so nadgrajene na hidrostatične ležaje (debelina olja 20-30 μm), preklop vretena pa poveča dinamično togost na več kot 20kn/μm za zatiranje vibracij (amplituda<5μm). Precision machining needs to be carried out in a constant temperature environment of 20±0.5℃. The lead screw is equipped with a grating scale closed-loop feedback (resolution 1nm), and the thermal deformation error is ≤0.001mm/m. After machining, the size can be further stabilized by low-temperature aging (120℃×24h) or shot peening (forming a 0.2-0.3mm compressive stress layer) to ensure that the deformation is controlled within the tolerance of 1/3 (such as φ50h6 shaft diameter deformation ≤0.003mm).